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Clusters and sector specific products
Clusters and sector specific products
  • Understanding the needs of a cluster
    • Camp coordination and camp management
    • Education
    • Emergency shelter
    • Emergency telecommunications and communicating with disaster affected communities
    • Protection and security
  • Health
    • Understand the needs in the health cluster
    • Health systems
      • Care of the dead
      • Healthcare system capacity
      • Healthcare system and facilities
      • Healthcare system status
      • Quarantine restrictions
      • Healthcare workforce and training
    • Clusters / Emergency Medical Teams
      • Standardised health sitreps
      • Emergency medical teams (EMTs) type and location
    • Morbidity and mortality
      • Attendance / hospitalisation rates
      • Incidence / attack rate
      • Mortality
      • Prevalence
      • Vaccination coverage
  • Food security
    • Overview
    • Agricultural assessments
      • Affected agriculture
      • Agricultural damage and livelihoods
      • Agriculture assessments
      • Cost of damage to agriculture
    • Baseline
      • Classifying food security
      • Household economy analysis (HEA) baseline assessment
      • Existing conflict and displaced populations information
      • Reliance on imports
      • Seasonal calendar
      • Seasonal crop cycles with climatic zone mapping
      • Staple market values
      • Types of livelihood
    • Early recovery
      • Food-related diseases
      • Agriculture and land use status
      • Food security impact by demography/gender
      • Food security infrastructure
      • Urban food availability and quality
      • Nutrition and social protection
    • Monitoring
      • Access to livelihood inputs
      • Access to fuel and livelihood staples
      • Access to markets
      • Distribution and capacity of services
      • Emergency mapping market analysis (EMMA)
      • Food consumption score
      • Food security change scenarios
      • Household diversity indicators
      • Rapid market assessment
      • Locations and functionality
    • Operations
      • Food delivery assessments
      • Cash based transfers
      • Food distribution plan
      • Food distribution hubs
      • Needs, delivered, planned and gaps
  • WASH
    • Mapping in WASH
    • Monitoring WASH
      • WASH development
        • Drinking water services
        • Educational facilities services
        • Health care facilities services
        • Hygiene services
        • Sanitation services
      • Institutional WASH
        • Educational institutions and WASH
        • Health care institutions and WASH
      • National WASH
        • WASH needs assessments
        • WASH needs costs
        • Who, What, Where, When and for Whom
        • WASH needs severity
        • WASH needs gaps
        • WASH planning and coordination
        • WASH needs trends
    • The WASH package
      • Water
        • Access to clean water
          • Water sources
          • Water scarcity and stress
          • Water quality
          • Water contamination
          • Water access
          • Clean water demand
        • Household water
          • Household water storage and safe handling
          • Household water demand
          • Household water treatment (contamination)
        • Water handling
          • Source water demand
          • Source water scarcity and stress
          • Source water storage and safe handling
          • Source water distribution systems
          • Source water transport
          • Source water treatment (desalination)
          • Source water treatment (contamination)
      • Sanitation
        • Debris management
          • Debris sites and quantities
          • Debris requirements
        • Latrines
          • Existing latrines
          • Emergency/temporary latrines
          • Latrine requirements
        • Sewage
          • Existing sewage system
          • Emergency/temporary sewage infrastructure
          • Sewage system requirements
        • Sludge management
          • Effluent disposal requirements
          • Effluent disposal sites
          • Sludge pipes and septic tanks
          • Open defecation sites
          • Sludge pipes and septic tanks requirements
        • Solid waste managment
          • Hazardous waste requirements
          • Solid waste management requirements
          • Hazardous waste sites
          • Solid waste management sites
      • Hygiene
        • Environmental contamination
          • Ground water pollution
          • Air pollution
        • Environmental hygiene
          • Disinfected sites
          • Elevation and hydrology
          • Environmental hygiene education efforts
          • Land draining sites
          • Rubbish collection sites
          • Rubbish collection requirements
        • Hand washing
          • Handwashing cash support
          • Handwashing eduction efforts
          • Handwashing facilities
          • Handwashing social mobilisation programmes
          • Handwashing kit distribution sites
          • Handwashing supply and demand
        • Menstrual hygiene
          • Menstrual hygiene eduction efforts
          • Menstrual hygiene cash support
          • Menstrual hygiene products distribution sites
          • Menstrual hygiene product disposal sites
          • Menstrual hygiene product supply and demand
          • Menstrual hygiene social mobilisation programmes
    • WASH resources
      • The Global WASH cluster
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On this page
  • Strategic or operational?
  • Basemap, baseline or situational?
  • When might it be produced?
  • Intended audience
  • Influence on humanitarian decisions
  • Methods
  • Data
  • Resources

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  1. Food security
  2. Operations

Cash based transfers

While in-kind aid is still an important component of humanitarian responses, over the past few years cash-based transfers have increasingly been seen as a way to stop swamping markets with commodities that could cause livelihood and economic upset, as well as aid dependency. Other methods include government schemes (safety nets/social welfare payments), or foreign remittances from the diaspora.

Various methods exist for cash transfer:

  • Through banks and other financial institutions.

  • Through cash hand outs.

  • Through voucher schemes e-vouchers through SMS/internet.

  • Bank or other money transfers through SMS/internet.

Strategic or operational?

Both.

Basemap, baseline or situational?

Situational.

When might it be produced?

If there is an existing scheme already in place then it will continue, but cash-based transfers mapping will primarily come after market assessments have been carried out. These assessments can be very simple, with the aim of understanding:

  • Market environment: e.g. indicators relating to access and transport to market, or security at markets.

  • Market availability: what you can buy at the market.

  • Structure and conduct: (a) what are the supply chains, what is the catchment of the market and, (b) are there any cartels operating or price setting?

  • Market performance price tracking: a very good indicator of supply against demand. If something is going wrong with supply and demand then prices will skyrocket (in a few cases if oversupply from food aid comes in, prices may collapse).

  • Household access: are households getting access to key commodities, and do they have the financial resources to buy them?

Intended audience

Agents who do cash-based transfers may be the relief operation coordination cluster themselves, their supporting international and local NGOs, or even private companies (e.g. Western Union).

Influence on humanitarian decisions

While in-kind aid will still be an important component, cash and vouchers are seen as an effective way to stop swamping markets with commodities that could cause livelihood and economic upset, as well as aid dependency.

Methods

Products should help addresses issues such as:

  • Where are cash transfers being made, and in what quantities?

  • What markets are operating where?

  • What is the catchment of a market?

  • What are commodity prices at each market, and how are these changing over time?

  • What has the impact of the disaster been on local food supplies?

  • How are these parameters expected to change over time?

Data

Baseline - pre-disaster layers:

  • Market locations, size and characteristics.

  • Normal market catchments, derived from assessments: i.e. a boundary to show what the closest market to a location is.

  • Usual access to markets (accessibility layer): same as above but reflecting the distance to market as opposed to a boundary of the catchment.

  • Population characteristics: at an early stage totals, followed by age groups (identify old, young and baby), followed by vulnerability (poverty indices).

  • Existing safety benefits (more country level than geographical).

  • Existing partners/structure for cash /voucher distribution.

  • Existing partners/structure for voucher usage (traders/minimarts).

  • Logistics, prepositioning warehouses etc.

Post-disaster:

  • Assessment by mobile data collection of market assessment.

  • Financial system functioning status (situational data).

  • What commodities? Generally there is a need for an overview, not a detailed review of specific commodities, but there could also be a need for some specialist reviews (e.g. fish availability in coastal communities).

  • Impacts of type of emergency on food supply: this would be more on the complex emergency side – unpredictable and ongoing events.

  • Logistics: warehouses etc that are set up in the emergency.

  • Security/access issues: e.g. the blockages maps we already do – this has as much impact on the ability of traders to deliver food as relief operations do.

Resources

  • World Food Programme - Cash Based Transfers

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